Fourth, Scrambler therapy analgesia occurs quickly, suggesting that the receptors are transmitting the “nonpain” information. Third, Scrambler therapy is not producing paresthesias because the patient does not feel numbness and can still feel other noxious stimuli. Second, it is not simple C-fiber electrical stimulation, which would produce pain. First, Scrambler therapy gives new “nonpain” information such that patients report new sensations in the pain area (pressure, itching, “bee sting” sensations, and a flow of impulses). How Scrambler therapy causes pain relief requires further study, but our observations may inform mechanisms. If pain is not relieved, the electrode placement or stimulus is changed. There are a total of five channels, or paired sets of electrodes. Once the electrodes are positioned, the operator slowly raises the stimulation level until pain relief is obtained if not obtained, the operator can add or move channels to increase the coverage. For example, if the pain involves 元, the first electrode is positioned close to but outside of the painful area in dermatome L2 or 元 and the other on the opposite side of the pain area in zone 元 or L4. Normally the electrodes are never applied directly on the painful area but in the dermatomes above and below the pain affected area.
The Scrambler therapy group maintained their starting drug treatment with no changes. I.) chose the best treatment areas during the first visit, which were then replicated daily. The stimulus was increased to the maximum intensity individually bearable by the patient that did not cause any additional pain or discomfort. At the highest setting, “70” on the dial from 10 to 70, the amperage (A) is 3.50–5.50 mA, and the maximum current density is only 0.0002009 W/cm 2.Įach Scrambler therapy patient was given a 45-minute daily treatment for 10 consecutive days, Monday through Friday.
Food and Drug Administration has approved it as safe. The electrical charge used in Scrambler therapy is low, and the U.S.
#Scrambler therapy skin#
(The technology details are described in patent number PCT/IT2007/000647.) The impulses are transmitted by surface electrodes placed on the skin in the dermatome areas of pain above and below the dermatome. The system quickly tries different combinations until pain relief is achieved. These variables include the following: 1) type of action potential to use (16 different possible combinations) 2) packet-associated frequency (from 43 to 52 Hz) 3) packet time duration (0.7–10 seconds) and 4) the amplitude of modulation. Each new packet is created with an algorithm that takes into account the previous outputs, dynamically modifying four main variables. Action potentials that resemble normal nerve impulses are digitally synthesized, assembled into packets of information strings, and delivered using standard silver gel electrodes similar to electrocardiogram electrodes. The Scrambler attempts to deliver “nonpain” information to the area in pain by simulating five external artificial neurons.
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